Property
Land Measurement Units in India: Bigha, Guntha, Acre and More by State
Bigha sizes state by state, guntha, cent, marla and other regional units, and how to convert any of them to acres or square feet.
By Team Vind · Updated · 5 min read
A plot sold in bigha in Gujarat is not the same size as a bigha in Uttar Pradesh, and a guntha, cent or marla means something different again. Land records in India still use these traditional units alongside acres and square feet. Here are the standard values state by state, and how to convert between them.
The standard units
| Unit | Square feet | Square metres |
|---|---|---|
| Square yards / gaj | 9 | 0.84 |
| Acre | 43,560 | 4,046.86 |
| Hectare | 1,07,639.1 | 10,000 |
Bigha: it depends on the state
The bigha has no national value. These are the most widely used figures; some districts use their own, so check the land record (7/12, khatauni or jamabandi) for the area in acres or hectares.
| State | 1 bigha in sq ft | Bighas in 1 acre |
|---|---|---|
| Gujarat | 17,424 | 2.5 |
| Rajasthan, pucca | 27,225 | 1.6 |
| Rajasthan, kachha | 17,424 | 2.5 |
| Uttar Pradesh | 27,000 | 1.61 |
| Bihar | 27,220 | 1.6 |
| Jharkhand | 27,211 | 1.6 |
| West Bengal | 14,400 | 3.03 |
| Assam | 14,400 | 3.03 |
| Madhya Pradesh | 12,000 | 3.63 |
| Punjab | 9,070 | 4.8 |
| Himachal Pradesh | 8,712 | 5 |
| Uttarakhand | 6,804 | 6.4 |
So 10 bigha in Gujarat is 4 acres, but 10 bigha in Uttar Pradesh is 6.2 acres.
Try it: Land Area Converter
1 bigha / vigha
In every unit
| Unit | Value |
|---|---|
| Square feet (sq ft) | 17,424 |
| Square metres (sq m) | 1,618.7426 |
| Square yards / gaj | 1,936 |
| Acre | 0.4 |
| Hectare | 0.1619 |
| Guntha (Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka, Telangana) | 16 |
| Cent / decimal (Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Bihar, Odisha) | 40 |
| Ground (Tamil Nadu) | 7.26 |
| Ankanam (Andhra Pradesh) | 242 |
| Kanal (Punjab, Haryana, J&K) | 3.2 |
Other regional units
| Unit | Used in | Square feet | In 1 acre |
|---|---|---|---|
| Guntha | Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka, Telangana | 1,089 | 40 |
| Cent / decimal | Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Bihar, Odisha | 435.6 | 100 |
| Ground | Tamil Nadu | 2,400 | 18.15 |
| Ankanam | Andhra Pradesh | 72 | 605 |
| Kanal | Punjab, Haryana, J&K | 5,445 | 8 |
| Marla | Punjab, Haryana, J&K | 272.25 | 160 |
| Katha | West Bengal | 720 | 60.5 |
- Guntha: 40 guntha make 1 acre, and 1 guntha is 33 × 33 ft.
- Cent: one hundredth of an acre. A "5 cent plot" in Kerala is 2,178 sq ft.
- Kanal and marla: 1 kanal = 20 marla, and 8 kanal = 1 acre.
How to convert any unit
Area in new unit = area × (sq ft in old unit ÷ sq ft in new unit)
Example: 3 guntha in square feet is 3 × 1,089 = 3,267 sq ft. In acres, that's 3,267 ÷ 43,560 = 0.075 acres. One hectare is 2.471 acres.
Frequently asked questions
How many bigha make 1 acre in Gujarat?
About 2.5. A Gujarat bigha (vigha) is 17,424 sq ft.
How many square feet are in 1 guntha?
1,089 square feet (33 × 33 ft). There are 40 guntha in an acre.
What is 1 cent of land in square feet?
435.6 square feet, one hundredth of an acre.
Why do bigha sizes vary?
The bigha is a traditional unit that each region defined differently before metric units. Some districts still use local values, so confirm with the land record.
Sources
- State land revenue departments: land records (7/12, khatauni, jamabandi)
- Department of Land Resources: Digital India Land Records Modernization Programme
Last reviewed: 10 October 2026